Cho hàm số y=f(x)y=f(x) có đạo hàm và liên tục trên [0;π2][0;π2]thoả mãn f(x)=f′(x)−2cosxf(x)=f′(x)−2cosx. Biết f(π2)=1f(π2)=1, tính giá trị f(π3)f(π3)

A. √3+1/2         B. √3−1/2          C. 1−√3/2             D. 0

B

\(f'\left(x\right)-f\left(x\right)=2cosx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow e^{-x}.f'\left(x\right)-e^{-x}.f\left(x\right)=2e^{-x}cosx\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[e^{-x}.f\left(x\right)\right]'=2e^{-x}.cosx\)

Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:

\(\Rightarrow e^{-x}.f\left(x\right)=\int2e^{-x}cosxdx=e^{-x}\left(sinx-cosx\right)+C\)

Thay \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}\Rightarrow e^{-\dfrac{\pi}{2}}.1=e^{-\dfrac{\pi}{2}}+C\Rightarrow C=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=sinx-cosx\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\)

Xét \(I=\int\limits^1_0x^2f\left(x\right)dx\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3.f\left(x\right)|^1_0-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx=-1\)

Lại có: \(\int\limits^1_0x^6.dx=\dfrac{1}{7}\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx+14\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx+49.\int\limits^1_0x^6dx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)+7x^3\right]^2dx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)+7x^3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=-7x^3\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\int-7x^3dx=-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+C\)

\(f\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{7}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+\dfrac{7}{4}\right)dx=...\)

Từ GT ta lấy tích phân 2 vế cận từ 0 đến 1 ; sẽ được : 

\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx+\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx-\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)dx-\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}\left(1\right)\)

\(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}=\int\limits^1_03\left(\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)dx\)  = 

\(2\left[\left(x+2\right)\sqrt{x+2}-\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}\right]\dfrac{1}{0}\)  = \(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\left(2\right)\)

Dễ thấy : \(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx\)

\(\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx=\int\limits^5_2f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx\)  (3)

\(\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)=\int\limits^5_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx\left(4\right)\)

\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{tln2}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{t}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}\)  (5)

Thay (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) vào (1) ta được : 

\(\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx-\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=\left(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\right)ln2\)

Hàm số có 1 tiệm cận ngang là \(y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(f'\left(x\right)=-4x^3\left(f\left(x\right)\right)^2\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{\left(f\left(x\right)\right)^2}=4x^3\)

Lấy nguyên hàm hai vế

\(\int-\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{\left(f\left(x\right)\right)^2}dx=\int4x^3dx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{f\left(x\right)}=x^4+c\)

Thay x=0 vào tìm được c=1 \(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x^4+1}\)

\(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^3}{x^4+1}dx=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{\left(x^4+1\right)'}{x^4+1}dx=\dfrac{ln2}{4}\)

Chọn D

Khi gặp dạng này, ý tưởng là sẽ tìm 1 hàm u(x) sao cho:

\(\int\limits^b_a\left[f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)\right]^2dx=0\) (1)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=u\left(x\right)\)

Khai triển (1), đề cho sẵn \(\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2\)  nên đại lượng \(2u\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)\) và hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) sẽ được suy ra từ việc tích phân từng phần \(\int\limits f\left(x\right)dx\). Cụ thể:

Xét \(I=\dfrac{2}{3}=\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx\)  

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=x.f\left(x\right)|^2_0-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) (2)

(Vậy đến đây hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) được xác định là dạng \(u\left(x\right)=k.x\)

Để tìm cụ thể giá trị k:

Từ (1) ta suy luận tiếp:

\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-kx\right]^2dx=0\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-2k\int\limits^2_0x.f'\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^2_0k^2x^2dx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}-2k.\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{8}{3}k^2=0\) do \(\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{8}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

\(\Rightarrow u\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\) coi như xong bài toán)

Do đó ta có:

\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{8}{3}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x\right]^2dx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)

Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow1=1+C\Rightarrow C=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2\)

\(f\left(x\right)-\left(x+1\right)f'\left(x\right)=2x.f^2\left(x\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-\left(x+1\right)f'\left(x\right)}{f^2\left(x\right)}=2x\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[\dfrac{x+1}{f\left(x\right)}\right]'=2x\)

Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:

\(\dfrac{x+1}{f\left(x\right)}=\int2xdx=x^2+C\)

Thay \(x=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{f\left(1\right)}=1+C\Rightarrow C=0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x+1}{x^2}\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)dx=\left(lnx-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=ln2+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

C

C